It’s an interesting task to reflect back on the year that was to tease out 10 top wines. What is it that makes a top wine anyway?
For me, it doesn’t necessarily equate to perfection. Yes, it must have the markers of a well-made wine: harmony, balance, complexity and length. But, above all, it must be truthful and exciting – and it must tell the story of a place and the people who made it.
Scroll down for tasting notes and scores of Cassandra Charlick’s 10 top wines of 2023
{"content":"<p>I narrowed my annual selection down to Western Australia, the largest state in the country and the one in which I live and of whose wines I have the most expertise.</p>
<p>There is little chance that my selection of bottles from Burgundy, Bordeaux or Barolo would compare with the breadth of those tasted by Decanter’s experts in those regions.</p>
<p>The tiny allocations of some of the world&#8217;s greatest wines are harder and harder to get a hold of in Australia, let alone afford. However, life Down Under provides me with ample opportunity to explore – and be surprised by – some of the greatest wines made on my doorstep. And, in my humble belief, a number of them deserve a spot among the ‘world’s greatest’ lists.</p>
<p><div class="ad-container ad-container--mobile"><div id="post-inline-2" class="ipc-advert"></div></div></p>
<p>However, this is not a list of the ‘greatest’ wines. Nor is it a list of ‘top-scoring’ or ‘perfectly made’ wines. It’s <em>my</em> list of top Western Australian wines.</p>
<p>Some in my selection look towards the future: alternative varieties, winemaking styles and regions. A few are a snapshot in time; a moment of beauty captured in just one glass. Several show the evolution of an icon. Some are pure hedonism and unbridled joy, while others are constrained and nuanced.</p>
<p>Wine is an emotional and sensory memory, not a score or a paint-by-numbers exercise. All you need to know is that these wines excited me – and I hope they excite you.</p>
<div class="ad-container ad-container--mobile"><div id="post-inline-3" class="ipc-advert"></div></div>
<p>Alongside tasting at my desk, I’ve been privileged to sit through international benchmark tastings, verticals and new releases. I’ve judged wine shows and visited producers. Each of these 10 wines made its mark and provided insight into what Western Australian wine is.</p>
<h3>From Margaret River to Pemberton…</h3>
<p>Four of my selection are from <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/wine/wine-regions/margaret_river/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Margaret River</a></strong> – one of Australia’s wine beacons.</p>
<div class="ad-container ad-container--mobile"><div id="post-inline-4" class="ipc-advert"></div></div>
<p><strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/premium/producer-profile-cullen-wines-249264/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Cullen</a></strong>’s two Legacy series Chardonnays are small-batch, experimental wines continuing the legacy of Kevin John, father of current winemaker Vanya Cullen.</p>
<p>It’s a fascinating exercise to taste the two biodynamic wines side by side (Flower Day and Fruit Day), and these are unequivocally some of the nation’s greatest Chardonnays and true expressions of site.</p>
<div class="ad-container ad-container--mobile"><div id="post-inline-5" class="ipc-advert"></div></div>
<p>At <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/premium/cape-mentelle-international-cabernet-tasting-in-london-504730/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Cape Mentelle’s annual International Cabernet Tasting</a></strong>, I was one of the invited judges that blind-tasted 20 Cabernet Sauvignon-dominant wines, this year from the 2020 vintage.</p>
<p>One wine that gave me goosebumps revealed itself to be the Leeuwin Art Series. I’d earmarked 2019 as the strongest iteration of this wine yet, however 2020 is even more thrilling. It’s edging ever closer to the lofty heights of <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/premium/leeuwin-estate-producer-profile-and-12-wines-tasted-454556/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Leeuwin</a></strong>’s Art Series Chardonnay.</p>
<p>Chenin Blanc is a variety that has a long Western Australian history, which I chart in an upcoming article for Decanter Premium in the new year – along with a slew of great recommendations.</p>
<p>The CBDB (Chenin Blanc Dynamic Blend) from Nick Peterkin’s LAS Vino label is a wine of detail and complexity, proving that this variety can make serious wine. Xanadu’s Chenin Blanc, meanwhile, is like diving into the Indian Ocean: refreshing, invigorating, and uniquely Margaret River.</p>
<p>Larry Cherubino is taking the terroir of Pemberton seriously, laser-beaming on Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. It’s a little-known region, but has the potential to grow structured and fine Chardonnay – which is also ideal for sparkling. Yuri Bern has made his mark on the national stage with Sittella’s 2010 Grand Prestige Late Disgorged Blanc de Blancs, produced from Pemberton fruit.</p>
<h3>…Great Southern to Perth – and Napa</h3>
<p>Riesling is a key variety in the <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/wine-travel/the-great-southern-ultimate-western-australia-road-trip-501861/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Great Southern</a></strong> – a region I’ve been researching for another upcoming Decanter Premium article. Castle Rock is a fine exponent, and its Riesling shone at the Perth Royal Wine Show in the provenance class.</p>
<p><strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/wine/editors-picks-march-2023-497903/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Swinney</a></strong>, meanwhile, is a relatively young wine brand in the Great Southern, but courage and drive has seen its bush-vine Mourvèdre become one of the state’s greatest wines.</p>
<p>The Perth Hills doesn’t get much national or international press for its wines, but Tonon’s Sangiovese – one of many <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/premium/the-new-australians-emerging-varieties-and-12-wines-to-try-511743/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">exciting Mediterranean grapes</a></strong> – took home the top gong at the recent Australian Alternative Wine Varieties Wine Show, and it stopped me in my tracks.</p>
<p>My last inclusion is an outlier. Early in the year, I was a fellow at the Wine Writers’ Symposium at Meadowood Napa Valley, but a cancelled connecting flight meant I almost missed the entire thing.</p>
<div class="injection"></div>
<p>Without time for a shower and having been awake for the best part of 48 hours, I slipped into the welcome dinner just in time for the dessert course. Feeling bedraggled, the world stopped still when one of the Symposium speakers, Julia Coney, plonked a glass of 2008 <strong><a href="https://www.decanter.com.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering.master.public.keystone-prod-eks-euw1.futureplc.engineering/wine/editors-picks-october-2023-511864/">Lang &amp; Reed</a></strong>&#8216;sTwo-Fourteen Cabernet Franc in front of me.</p>
<p>It was just as delicious when I finished it in the bathtub.</p>
<p>
"}
Cassandra Charlick: My top wines of 2023
{}
{"wineId":"77824","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77825","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77826","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77827","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77828","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77829","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77830","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77831","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77832","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{"wineId":"77833","displayCase":"standard","paywall":true}
{}
Related articles